PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
 
PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper
PICOT Question/Statement
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), will educating patients on decreasing anxiety/stress compared to no education, will lead to reduction with IBD symptoms?
Population: Patients with IBD
Intervention: Educating patients on decreasing anxiety/stress
Comparison: No education
Outcome: Reduced IBD symptoms
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Article
“Gerbarg P. Jacob V, Stevens L, Bosworth B, Chabouni F, DeFilippis E, Warren R, Trivellas M, Patel P, Webb C, Harbus M, Chritos P, Brown R &Scherl E. (2015). The Effect of Breathing, Movement, and Meditation on Psychological and Physical Symptoms and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1(21), 2886–2896”. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
Background of the Study
The clinical problem addressed by the article is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is c chronic lifelong disease that is typified by recurrences. The disease has significant physical and psychological effects on the patients and at the same timeit has significant financial burden on the health care cost. Additionally, even the most advanced treatments for the disease tend to have adverse events and also the disease has relatively high morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, there is gap knowledge regarding the impact of complementary and alternative medicine such as mind-body practices in improving symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. As a result, authors sought to investigate the effect of various mind-body strategies such as breathing, movement, and meditation on psychological and physical symptoms of IBD. Authors established the significance and relevance of the study basing on the devastating physical and psychological effects of IBD symptoms on the patients and the fact that in spite of the current treatments, the disease continues recurring causing further agony on the patients; this indicates the significance of the study because it is necessary to identify alternative approaches of alleviating symptoms of IBD such as anxiety, stress, depression and pain. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of mind-body approach known as BBMW(breathing, movement, and meditation) on symptoms of IBD, quality of life as well as effect of the approach on the disease’s inflammatory biomarkers.
Research Questions
1. How do mind-body approaches influence mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis?
2. What is the effect of breathing, movement, and meditation practices on the psychological and physical symptoms of IBD?
3. Do the mind-body practices decrease symptoms of stress and anxiety allied to noxious physical experiences
The purpose and research questions are allied to the research problem further validating the significance of the study. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
Methods of the Study
The study did not mention benefits and risks associated with participating in the study. However, a written informed consent was sought from all study participants and their participation was voluntary. In addition, prior to conducting the study, an approval was obtained from institutional review boards at Weill Cornell Medical Center as well as Columbia University Medical Center. The major variables in the study were identified and defined. The independent variables included mind-body approach (breathing, movement, and meditation) and educational seminar (ES). The dependent variables included psychological measures (indices of stress, depression and anxiety); inflammatory biomarkers; as well as physiological measures in patients with IBD. Authors described measurement of every dependent variable and limitations were made to control them.
The sample size included 29 participants; after recruitment, participants were randomized into two groups, namely study group and control groups.
Data was collected using questionnaires on various components under study. However, authors did not provide any rationale for using questionnaires in data collection. However, use of questionnaire allowed authors to collect adequate data on many research components. The study was conducted for 26 weeks. For the BBMW group, the participants were trained on breathing, movement, and meditation for 9 hours for two days, where the first day they were trained for 6 hours and the second day for 2 hours. Participants were also given a 30-minute recording so that they could practice the taught techniques at home. There were weekly follow-up sessions up to 6 weeks and monthly follow-up from the 7th week to 26th week. The control group was also educated for 9 hours regarding IBD and treatment. Education sessions were performed weekly up to 26th week when the control group participants took part in a 2-day BBMW.
SPSS statistical software Version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. Authors used descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics to calculate the results. Descriptive statistics were utilized in measuring BBMW and education groups while inferential statistics such as t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to measure changes in the questionnaire’s components. Even though authors do not indicate how the rigor of data was assured, the SPSS statistical software ensured accuracy of the data analysis. In addition, in order to reduce effects of research bias, an active group was assigned as the waitlist control in order to reduce interactions with the researchers and group interactions as well. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
Results of the Study
According to the researchers’ interpretation of findings, BBMW ((breathing, movement, and meditation techniques) significantly improves the physical and psychological symptoms such as inflammation, depression, anxiety, as well as the quality of life in people with IBD. Accordingly, BBMW appears to be a promising adjunctive therapy for IBD. The accuracy and validity of the findings is reliable because the whole methodology process was accurate, rigorous and unbiased and also the findings are supported by the few previous studies on the topic. Accordingly, I have confidence in the findings.
Limitations of the study included that the sample size was small and heterogeneous and hence this may limit generalization of the study results. Another limitation was that home practice-hours recordings and attendance were incomplete and analysis was not possible and this may have reduced the validity of the data. Presentation of the findings was logical, although to make the findings clearer and more understandable researchers should have used graphical representations.
These findings can be applied not only to IBD patients but also to patients with depression, anxiety, and any other disease that adversely affects the psychological wellbeing of patients. This is because generally body-mind techniques such as breathing and mediation techniques have been shown to be effective in improving depression, stress and anxiety symptoms. Authors suggested that further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-ups are necessary in order to validate the findings and ensure generalization of the study findings.
Ethical Considerations
Authors sought study approval Weill Cornell Medical Center and Columbia University Medical Center before the study was conducted. Additionally, a written informed consent was obtained from all study participants and their privacy and confidentiality maintained during the study. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
Conclusion
Patients with IBD suffer excruciating physical and psychological symptoms and hence it important to identify treatment approaches that can improve physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, as well as the quality of life in people with IBD. Accordingly, authors of the study sought to examine the effects of a mind-body intervention known as BBMW that involved breathing, movement, and meditation techniques on improving the psychological and physical symptoms, inflammatory biomarkers as well as the quality of life in people with IBD. The findings indicate that BBMW intervention is effective in improving psychological and physical symptoms, inflammatory biomarkers as well as the quality of life. Therefore, patients with IBD can be educated and trained on BBMW techniques in order to improve psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression, physical symptoms such as pain and inflammation, and at the same time improve their quality of life. The rigorous research methodology and accuracy of the data analysis ensured reliability and validity of the findings. Additionally, the findings are supported by previous studies regarding the effect of breathing and mediation techniques in improving symptoms such as anxiety and depression and therefore this further ensures reliability and validity of the findings. However, to ensure applicability of the findings to nursing practice, more studies with larger samples on the same topic are needed. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00% 2
Less than Satisfactory
75.00% 3
Satisfactory
83.00% 4
Good
94.00% 5
Excellent
100.00%
60.0 %Content
5.0 %Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement A nursing practice problem is not clearly described and/or a PICOT statement is not included. PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem but lacks reliable sources. PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem and includes a few reliable sources. PICOT statement articulates a nursing practice problem using supporting information from reliable sources. PICOT statement clearly articulates a nursing practice problem using substantial supporting information from numerous reliable sources.
5.0 %Background of Study Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is incomplete. Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
5.0 %Method of Study Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is incomplete. Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Results of Study Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is incomplete. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Ethical Considerations Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is incomplete. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
5.0 %Conclusion Conclusion does not summarize a critical appraisal and applicability of findings. Conclusion is vague and does not discuss importance to nursing. Conclusion summarizes utility of the research and importance to nursing practice. Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal and the findings importance to nursing practice. Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the importance of the findings to nursing practice.
10.0 %Evidence of Revision Final paper does not demonstrate incorporation of feedback or evidence of revision on research critiques. Incorporation of research critique feedback or evidence of revision is incomplete. Incorporation of research critique feedback and evidence of revision are present. Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is clearly provided. Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is comprehensive and thoroughly developed.
10.0 %PICOT Statement, Research Article, and Nursing Practice Problem Link (C. 2.2) Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is not included. Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is incomplete or incorrect. Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is included but lacks relevant details and supporting explanation. Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is complete and includes relevant details and supporting explanation. Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is extremely thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive supporting explanation.
10.0 %Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change (C. 3.2) The proposed evidence-based practice change is not included. The proposed evidence-based practice change is incomplete or incorrect. Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is included but lacks relevant details and supporting explanation. The proposed evidence-based practice change is included but lacks supporting explanation and relevant details. The proposed evidence-based practice change is complete and includes supporting explanation and relevant details. The proposed evidence-based practice change is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting explanation and numerous relevant details.
30.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
10.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
10.0 %Argument Logic and Construction Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative. PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.
10.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
10.0 %Format
5.0 %Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.
5.0 %Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
100 %Total Weightage
PICO Statement and Quantitative Paper.